10 questions in 10 minutes
1. What are some advantages of multicellularity that have led to its repeated evolution in various organisms such as fungi, eukaryotic algae, plants, and animals?
  • A. Multicellularity allows for larger body size and the potential for increased complexity through cell specialisation.
  • B. Multicellularity ensures a higher rate of reproduction and survival in organisms.
  • C. Multicellularity provides enhanced resistance against environmental stressors and pathogens.
  • D. Multicellularity enables faster metabolic rates and increased energy production in organisms.

Q2-4: These questions refer to this diagram of a section of a lung.

Macrophage in lung - public domain

  

2. Structure A is well adapted to its function because it has which feature?

  • A. Enables high concentrations of electrons to build up in the cristae
  • B. Has narrow intermembrane space to allow a high concentration of hydrogen ions to build up
  • C. Contains all the enzymes needed for the glycolysis
  • D. Has thylakoid membranes to increase the surface area for metabolic reactions
3. How does structure A provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
  • A. It is surrounded by a single membrane
  • B. It has histone-bound DNA
  • C. It contains RNA
  • D. It contains 70S ribosomes 
4. What are the functional benefits of structure B having a double membrane?
  • A. Double membranes provide additional protection against physical damage and external threats.
  • B. Double membranes allow for pores which selectively regulate molecular transport between the structure B and the cytoplasm.
  • C. Double membranes facilitate the efficient organisation and segregation of genetic material.
  • D. Double membranes enable the synthesis and modification of specific proteins within structure B.

 

5. Which of these statements are advantages for the separation of the nucleus and cytoplasm into separate compartments?

I. The separation allows for post-transcriptional modification of mRNA before it meets ribosomes in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes
II. The separation allows for immediate binding of mRNA to ribosomes in prokaryotes.
III. The separation allows for post-translational modification of polypeptide in eukaryotes
  • A. I only
  • B. III only
  • C. I and II only
  • D. I and III only

6. The image below was created using which techniques?

cell structure microscope image

 Sagulenko E, Nouwens A, Webb RI, Green K, Yee B, Morgan G, et al
CC BY 4.0
A Electron microscopy  Immunofluorescence 
B Light microscopy  Freeze fracturing 
C Light microscopy  Immunofluorescence
D Electron microscopy  Freeze fracturing 

7. Which of the following statements accurately describe adaptations of chloroplasts for photosynthesis?

I. Increased surface area of thylakoid membranes with photosystems.
II. Small volumes of thylakoids.
III. Compartmentalisation of enzymes and substrates of the Calvin cycle in the stroma.
IV. Presence of chlorophyll molecules mainly in the stroma.
 
  • A. I and II only
  • B. I, III and IV only
  • C. I, II and III only
  • D. I, II, III and IV
8. What is a key difference between the synthesis of proteins by free ribosomes and ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
  • A. Proteins synthesised by free ribosomes usually are targeted for secretion
  • B. Proteins synthesised by membrane-bound ribosomes are often used in lysosomes
  • C. Proteins synthesised by free ribosomes are smaller and simpler in structure compared to those synthesised by RER.
  • D. Only proteins synthesised by free ribosomes undergo post-translational modifications.

9. Which option is correct with regards to the structure and function of Golgi apparatus in the cell? 

  Structure Function 1 Function 2
A Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae Production of clathrin Adding phosphate groups to proteins 
B Network of tubules and vesicles Establish quaternary structure of proteins  Packaging into vesicles
C Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae Establish quaternary structure of proteins Packaging into vesicles
D Network of tubules and vesicles Protein modification  Production of clathrin
10. What is the role of clathrin in vesicle formation during cellular transport?
  • A. Clathrin acts as a scaffold protein, forming a lattice-like structure around the vesicle membrane
  • B. Clathrin functions as a motor protein, providing energy for vesicle movement along the cytoskeleton.
  • C. Clathrin acts as a receptor protein, binding to molecules and facilitating their sorting into the vesicle.
  • D. Clathrin acts as an enzyme, catalysing the fusion of vesicles with target membranes.