Target: 10 questions in 10 minutes

1. The image shows a giraffe.

• A. Lamarck believed giraffes developed long necks through the inheritance of acquired characteristics, as they repeatedly stretched their necks to reach higher branches.
• B. Lamarck proposed that giraffes were created with long necks by an intelligent designer to allow them to access food sources in the treetops.
• C. Lamarck proposed the giraffes that did not stretch their necks would not survive to reproduce.
• D. Lamarck suggested that giraffes gradually developed longer necks over generations through the process of natural selection.

• A. The process of individuals adapting to their environment during their lifetime
• B. Changes in the heritable characteristics of a species over time
• C. The increase in complexity of organisms over time
• D. The random occurrence of mutations in an individual’s DNA

3. Which of the following provides evidence for the current theory of evolution?

• A. I, II, and III only
• B. II and IV only
• C. I, III, and IV only
• D. I, II, III, and IV

• A. It ensures that all offspring survive to adulthood.
• B. It increases genetic diversity within a population.
• C. It leads to competition for limited resources.
• D. It guarantees that only the fittest individuals reproduce.

• A. The physical strength of an organism
• B. The ability of an organism to adapt to its environment
• C. The reproductive success of an organism
• D. The lifespan of an organism.

6. What types of data can be used to construct cladograms to study evolutionary relationships between organisms?

• A. I and III only
• B. III and IV only
• C. I, III, and IV only
• D. I, II and IV only

7. The image below shows the limbs of different mammals.

• A. These groups of organisms are not closely related, as they have evolved completely different limb structures.
• B. These groups of organisms share a common ancestor but have adapted to different ecological niches over time.
• C. The pentadactyl limb is an example of convergent evolution, where unrelated organisms have evolved similar structures.
• D. The pentadactyl limb is a vestigial structure that has been retained in these organisms

• A. Dolphins and sharks inherited these traits from a common aquatic ancestor.
• B. The similar body plans help dolphins and sharks to avoid predation by larger marine animals.
• C. Convergent evolution has led to the development of these analogous structures
• D. The homologous flipper structures provide a significant advantage for swimming and hunting in the ocean environment

• A. The Congo River provided a nature corridor for populations to mix.
• B. The Congo River caused rapid, discontinuous changes that led to the formation of the two species.
• C. The Congo River increased the rate of mutation in the separated bonobo and chimpanzee populations.
• D. The Congo River geographically isolated the bonobo and chimpanzee populations

10. The image below shows the Raggiana bird of paradise (Paradisaea raggiana) native to Papua New Guinea.

• A. Improves the bird's ability to escape from predators.
• B. Increases the bird's access to abundant resources.
• C. Attracts female mates.
• D. Increases the attractiveness of females to males.