Question 1:

→ Alpha
Explanation: Alpha particles are large and heavily ionising, so they lose energy quickly and travel only 2–10 cm in air.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 2:

→ Gamma
Explanation: Gamma rays are highly penetrating electromagnetic radiation. They require dense materials like thick lead or several cm of concrete to be stopped.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 3:

→ Beta
Explanation: Beta particles are high-energy electrons (β⁻), which carry a negative charge.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 4:

→ Alpha
Explanation: An alpha particle is a helium nucleus (2 protons + 2 neutrons), mass ≈ 4 u, charge = +2.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 5:

→ Gamma
Explanation: Gamma rays are photons — they have no mass and no electric charge.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 6:

→ Beta and Gamma
Explanation: Alpha particles are stopped by paper, but beta particles can penetrate paper (though stopped by aluminum), and gamma rays pass through easily.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 7:

This is beta-minus decay:

• A neutron in carbon-14 turns into a proton, emitting an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino.

For the daughter nucleus (N):

• Atomic number increases by 1 (since a neutron becomes a proton).

Mass number stays the same (14).

Alternative method: For the bottom numbers, 6 = x + (-1), so x = 7

For the beta particle (β⁻):

• Mass number: effectively 0 (electron mass is negligible here).

• Atomic number: −1 (by convention, to account for charge conservation).
  So y=0.

Thus:

That matches option D.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 8:

Let’s work through the alpha decay of Uranium-235.

Alpha decay means:

• Mass number decreases by 4 (because alpha particle has mass 4)

• Atomic number decreases by 2 (because alpha particle has charge +2)

Starting with:

After emitting an alpha particle (⁴ ₂ α):

• New mass number = 235−4=231

• New atomic number = 92−2=90

The new element with atomic number 90 is Thorium (Th).

This matches option A.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 9:

Gamma radiation is a high-energy photon, which has:

• Mass number = 0

• Atomic number = 0 (no charge, no proton count)

The standard notation for a gamma ray is:

Checking the options: This matches option C.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 10:

In β⁻ decay:

• A neutron turns into a proton, emitting an electron (β⁻).

• The mass number stays the same (total nucleons unchanged — neutron → proton).

• The atomic number increases by 1 (because a proton is gained).

So:

• Mass number: same (no change)

• Atomic number: increases by 1

That matches option C.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.